The Australian government has pledged to spend another 1 billion Australian dollars (€626m) to protect the climate-ravaged Great Barrier Reef on Friday, hoping to prevent the vast network of corals from being removed from UNESCO's World Heritage list.
Prime Minister Scott Morrison announced the (AUS)$1 billion (€626m) nine-year plan, months after narrowly avoiding the reef being placed on UNESCO's "in danger" list.
"We are backing the health of the reef and the economic future of tourism operators, hospitality providers and Queensland communities that are at the heart of the reef economy," Morrison said.
The move comes ahead of a general election expected in May when Morrison will have to win key Queensland seats near the reef to remain in power.
When the UN previously threatened to downgrade the reef's World Heritage listing in 2015, Australia created a "Reef 2050" plan and poured billions of dollars into protection.
The measures are believed to have arrested the pace of decline, but much of the world's largest reef system has already been damaged.
In July last year, Australia garnered enough international support to defer an attempt by UNESCO to downgrade the reef's World Heritage status to "in danger" because of damage caused by climate change.
The reef has suffered significantly from coral bleaching caused by unusually warm ocean temperatures in 2016, 2017 and 2020.
A recent study found bleaching had affected 98 per cent of the reef since 1998, leaving just a fraction of it untouched.
But the question will be back on the World Heritage Committee’s agenda at its next annual meeting in June.
UNESCO has asked Australia to provide more information by next Tuesday about what's being done to protect the coral.
The government said on Friday it will meet that deadline.
One of the world's biggest exporters of coal and gas
The Morrison government's support for coal and reluctance to tackle climate change has seen the party bleed support in major cities and prompted the emergence of a string of electoral challenges from climate-focused independents.
Australians are overwhelmingly in favour of action to limit climate change, having experienced a string of global warming-worsened disasters such as bushfires, droughts and floods.
A 2021 poll by Sydney's Lowy Institute found 60 per cent of Australians believed "global warming is a serious and pressing problem".
Eight in 10 Australians supported a net-zero emissions target by 2050, which the government reluctantly adopted ahead of a landmark United Nations climate summit in Scotland last year.
Morrison was widely criticised at the COP26 summit in Scotland last November over his government's target of reducing Australia's emissions by only 26-28 per cent below 2005 levels by 2030.
One of the world's biggest exporters of coal and gas, Australia's economy is heavily reliant on fossil fuels. Its political parties also receive significant funds from coal and gas-linked donors.
'Band-Aid on a broken leg'
Critics argue the investment is a bid to improve the ruling conservative coalition's green credentials ahead of looming elections while doing nothing to change the greatest threat to the coral: rising ocean temperatures.
The Climate Council pressure group said this latest package of funding was like putting "a Band-Aid on a broken leg".
"Unless you are cutting emissions deeply this decade the situation on the reef will only get worse," said the Council's board director and councillor Lesley Hughes, a professor of biology at Macquarie University.
"Handing out cash for the Great Barrier Reef with one hand, while funding the very industry — fossil fuels — that's driving devastating climate impacts like marine heatwaves and coral bleaching, means they are adding to the very problem they are claiming they want to fix."
Bleaching occurs when healthy corals become stressed by spikes in ocean temperatures, causing them to expel algae living in their tissues, which drains them of their vibrant colours.
Much of the government's latest package will be spent on preventing damaging agricultural runoff from polluting the reef.
About a quarter of the funds will be channelled to the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority "to reduce threats from Crown of Thorns Starfish", which eat coral.