The wreck of a legendary US naval ship that served in two world wars, performed patrols in waters off Alaska for decades, and at one point was captained by the first Black man to command a government vessel has been found.
A wreck thought to be the USS Bear, which sank in 1963 about 260 miles (418km) east of Boston as it was being towed to Philadelphia, where it was going to be converted into a floating restaurant, was located in 2019.
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But it was only in August of this year that a team of experts looking at the evidence came to the conclusion that they are “reasonably certain” that the wreck is indeed the Bear, officials of the US coast cuard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said at a waterfront news conference in Boston.
“At the time of the loss of Bear, it was already recognized as a historic ship,” said Joe Hoyt, of the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries.
The legend of the Bear is so ingrained in Coast Guard lore that the sports teams at the coast guard academy in Connecticut are named the Bears, partly in honour of the vessel.
Built in Dundee in 1874, the steam and sail-powered Bear was purchased by the US in 1884 to take part in the search for the ill-fated Arctic expedition led by Lt Adolphus Greely, a member of the US army signal corps.
The 190ft (58m) Bear then spent more than four decades patrolling the Arctic, performing search and rescue, law enforcement operations, conducting censuses of people and ships, recording geological and astronomical information, recording tides, and escorting whaling ships.
The US revenue cutter service merged with the US life-saving service in 1915 to form the coast guard.
“During Bear’s 40-year career in Alaska, the cutter performed some of the most daring and successful Arctic rescues in history,” said William Thiesen, the coast guard’s official historian for the Atlantic area.
“And when malnourished Native Americans needed food, Bear brought it. When stranded whalers needed rescue, Bear saved them. One hundred years ago when thousands of Alaskans contracted the Spanish flu during the pandemic, Bear brought doctors and medicine.”
The announcement on Thursday coincided with the arrival in Boston of the US coast guard cutter Healy, named after the Bear’s captain from 1886 until 1895, Michael “Hell Roaring Mike” Healy.
The Healy, an icebreaker commissioned in 1999, recently completed a transit of the Arctic north-west passage.
Healy, born in 1839, was the son of a Georgia plantation owner and a slave. Healy’s father sent him to Massachusetts to escape enslavement, Thiesen said.
He likened the Healy — commissioned by Abraham Lincoln a month before the president’s assassination — to an Old West sheriff, whose jurisdiction was an area the size of the lower 48 states.
“While he never, during his lifetime, self-identified as African American, perhaps to avoid the prejudice he would likely have encountered in his personal life and career, he was in reality the first person of African American descent to command a ship of the US government,” the NOAA said.
Even after its time in the Arctic was over, Bear’s career continued.
The ship saw service during both world wars, patrolling Greenland’s waters in the second world war and helping capture a German spy vessel.
Between the wars, the Bear was repurposed as a maritime museum by the city of Oakland, California; used as a movie set; and purchased by Adm Richard Byrd for use in his Antarctic expeditions.
The ship was decommissioned in 1944 and remained in Nova Scotia until its trip to Philadelphia ended prematurely in 1963 about 90 miles south of Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, according to NOAA.
“Bear had served in various capacities for nearly 90 years, a remarkable record for a ship built of wood,” Thiesen said.